From the following article:
Cholangiocarcinoma
Tushar Patel
Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2006) 3, 33-42
doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0389
Figure 1. Classification of cholangiocarcinoma.(A) The anatomic location of cholangiocarcinoma can be described as intrahepatic, distal extrahepatic or hilar. Cholangiocarcinomas can be further described based on their macroscopic or cholangiographic appearance. (B) Nonhilar lesions can be described as mass-forming, periductal or intraductal, or as mixed mass-forming and periductal. For extrahepatic lesions the terms periductal, mass-like and intraductal correspond to the alternative designations of sclerosing, nodular and papillary. (C) Hilar lesions can be described using the Bismuth classification.70 Type I tumors are found below the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts. Type II tumors reach the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts. Type IIIa and IIIb tumors occlude the common hepatic duct and either the right or the left hepatic duct, respectively. Type IV tumors are multicentric or they involve the confluence and both the right and left hepatic ducts. A combined anatomic–morphologic classification is useful for patient management and can provide consistency in clinical or epidemiologic studies. Tumors are shown in (B) and (C) in yellow.
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